ARDUINO BOARDS

Name	Processor		Format		Host interface						I/O				Release date	Notes
	Processor	Frequency		Dimensions			Voltage	Flash (kB)	EEPROM (kB)	SRAM (kB)	Digital I/O (pins)	Digital I/O with PWM(pins)	Analog input (pins)	Analog output pins
Arduino / Genuino MKR1000	ATSAMW25 (made of SAMD21 Cortex-M0+ 32 bit ARM MCU, WINC1500 2.4GHz 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi, and ECC508 crypto device )	48 MHz	minimal	61.5 mm x 25 mm	USB		3.3 V	256	No	32	8	12	7	1	Announced: April 2, 2016
Arduino 101 Genuino 101	Intel® Curie™ module two tiny cores, an x86 (Quark SE) and an ARC	32 MHz	Arduino / Genuino	68.6 mm × 53.4 mm [ 2.7 in × 2.1 in ]	USB		3.3 V	196		24	14	4	6		October 16, 2015	Contains six-axis accelerometer, gyroscope and bluetooth
Arduino Zero	ATSAMD21G18A	48 MHz	Arduino	2.7 in × 2.1 in [ 68.6 mm × 53.3 mm ]	USB	Native & EDBG Debug	3.3 V	256	0 to 16 Kb emulation	32	14	12	6		Released June 15,  2015 Announced May 15,  2014 Listed on some vendors list Mar 2015	Beta testing since Aug 1, 2014
Arduino Due	ATSAM3X8E(Cortex-M3)	84 MHz	Mega	4 in × 2.1 in [ 101.6 mm × 53.3 mm ]	USB	16U2[13] + native host[14]	3.3 V	512	0[15]	96	54	12	12	2	October 22, 2012	The first Arduino board based on an ARMProcessor. Features 2 channel 12-bit DAC, 84 MHz clock frequency, 32-bit architecture, 512 KB Flash and 96 KB SRAM. Unlike most Arduino boards, it operates on 3.3 V and is not 5 V tolerant.
Arduino Yún	Atmega32U4, Atheros AR9331	16 MHz, 400 MHz	Arduino	2.7 in × 2.1 in [ 68.6 mm × 53.3 mm ]	USB		5 V	32 kB, 16 MB	1 kB, 0 kB	2.5 kB, 64 MB	14	6	12		September 10, 2013	Arduino Yún is the combination of a classic Arduino Leonardo (based on the Atmega32U4 processor) with a Wifi system on a chip (SoC) running Linino, a MIPSGNU/Linux based on OpenWrt.
Arduino Leonardo	Atmega32U4	16 MHz	Arduino	2.7 in × 2.1 in [ 68.6 mm × 53.3 mm ]	USB	32U4[18]	5 V	32	1	2.5	20	7	12		July 23, 2012	The Leonardo uses the Atmega32U4 processor, which has a USB controller built-in, eliminating one chip as compared to previous Arduinos.
Arduino Uno	ATmega328P	16 MHz	Arduino	2.7 in × 2.1 in [ 68.6 mm × 53.3 mm ]	USB	8U2[24](Rev1&2)/ 16U2[13](Rev3)	5 V	32	1	2	14	6	6		September 24, 2010	This uses the same ATmega328 as late-model Duemilanove, but whereas the Duemilanove used an FTDI chip for USB, the Uno uses an ATmega16U2 (ATmega8U2 before rev3) programmed as a serial converter.
Arduino Mega2560	ATmega2560	16 MHz	Mega	4 in × 2.1 in [ 101.6 mm × 53.3 mm ]	USB	8U2[24](Rev1&2)/ 16U2[13](Rev3)	5 V	256	4	8	54	15	16		September 24, 2010	Total memory of 256 kB. Uses the ATmega16U2 (ATmega8U2 before Rev3) USB chip. Most shields that were designed for the Duemilanove, Diecimila, or Uno will fit, but a few shields will not fit because of interference with the extra pins.
Arduino Ethernet	ATmega328	16 MHz	Arduino	2.7 in × 2.1 in [ 68.6 mm × 53.3 mm ]	Ethernet Serial interface	Wiznet Ethernet	5 V	32	1	2	14	4	6		July 13, 2011	Based on the same WIZnet W5100 chip as the Arduino Ethernet Shield. A serial interface is provided for programming, but no USB interface. Late versions of this board support Power over Ethernet (PoE).
Arduino Fio	ATmega328P	8 MHz	minimal	2.6 in × 1.1 in [ 66.0 mm × 27.9 mm ]	XBee Serial		3.3 V	32	1	2	14	6	8		March 18, 2010	Includes XBee socket on bottom of board.[32]
Arduino Nano	ATmega328 (ATmega168 before v3.0)	16 MHz	minimal	1.70 in × 0.73 in [ 43.18 mm × 18.54 mm ]	USB	FTDIFT232R[36]	5 V	16/32	0.5/1	1/2	14	6	8		May 15, 2008	This small USB-powered version of the Arduino uses a surface-mounted processor.
LilyPad Arduino	ATmega168V or ATmega328V	8 MHz	wearable	2 in ⌀51 mm ⌀			2.7-5.5 V	16	0.5	1	14	6	6		October 17, 2007	This minimalist design is for wearable applications.
Arduino Pro	ATmega168 or ATmega328	16 MHz	Arduino	2.05 in × 2.1 in [ 52.1 mm × 53.3 mm ]	UART Serial, I2C(TWI), SPI	FTDI	5 V or 3.3 V	16/32	0.5/1	1/2	14	6	6			Designed and manufactured by SparkFun Electronics for use in semi-permanent installations.
Arduino Mega ADK	ATmega2560	16 MHz	Mega	4 in × 2.1 in [ 101.6 mm × 53.3 mm ]		8U2[24] MAX3421E USB Host	5 V	256	4	8	54	14	16		July 13, 2011
Arduino Esplora	Atmega32U4	16 MHz		6.5 in × 2.4 in [ 165.1 mm × 61.0 mm ]		32U4[18]	5 V	32	1	2.5					December 10, 2012	Analog joystick, four buttons, several sensors, 2 TinkerKit inputs and 2 outputs, LCD connector
Arduino Micro	ATmega32U4	16 MHz	Mini	0.7 in × 1.9 in [ 17.8 mm × 48.3 mm ]			5 V	32	1	2.5	20	7	12		November 8, 2012	This Arduino was co-designed by Adafruit.
Arduino Pro Mini	ATmega328	8 (3.3 V)/16 (5 V) MHz	Mini	0.7 in × 1.3 in [ 17.8 mm × 33.0 mm ]	Six pin serial header		3.3 V / 5 V	32	1	2	14	6	6			Designed and manufactured by SparkFun Electronics.

ARDUINO BOARDS , ARDUINO PROGRAMMING

ARDUINO BOARDS

prahlad Friday, 7 July 2017

BASIC PROGRAM IN ARDUINO

LED LIGHT BLINKING CONTINUOUSLY

#define LED_PIN 13                  // Pin number attached to LED.

void setup() {
    pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);       // Configure pin 13 to be a digital output.
}

void loop() {
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);    // Turn on the LED.
    delay(1000);                    // Wait 1 second (1000 milliseconds).
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);     // Turn off the LED.
    delay(1000);                    // Wait 1 second.
}

ARDUINO PROGRAMMING , BASIC PROGRAM OF ARDUINO

BASIC PROGRAM IN ARDUINO

prahlad

USES OF ARDUINO

APPLICATIONS OF ARDUINO

v  Xoscillo, an open-source oscilloscope

v  Arduinome, a MIDI controller device that mimics the Monome

v  OBDuino, a trip computer that uses the on-board diagnostics interface found in most modern cars

v  Ardupilot, drone software and hardware

v  Gameduino, an Arduino shield to create retro 2D video games

v  ArduinoPhone, a do-it-yourself cellphone

v  Water quality testing platform

v  Automatic titration system based on Arduino and stepper motor

v  Low cost data glove for virtual reality applications

v  Impedance sensor system to detect bovine milk adulteration

v  Homemade CNC using Arduino and DC motors with close loop control by Homofaciens

v  DC motor control using Arduino and H-Bridge

v  C-STEM Studio, a platform for hands-on integrated learning of computing, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (C-STEM) with robotics.

APPLICATIONS OF ARDUINO , ARDUINO PROGRAMMING , USES OF ARDUINO

USES OF ARDUINO

prahlad

HISTORY OF ARDUINO

WHAT IS ARDUINO ?
                         
                      ARDUINO IS AN OPEN SOURCE, COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPANY, PROJECT, AND USER COMMUNITY THAT DESIGNS AND MANUFACTURES SINGLE-BOARD MICROCONTROLLERS AND MICROCONTROLLER KITS FOR BUILDING DIGITAL DEVICES AND INTERACTIVE OBJECTS THAT CAN SENSE AND CONTROL OBJECTS IN THE PHYSICAL WORLD. THE PROJECT'S PRODUCTS ARE DISTRIBUTED AS OPEN-SOURCE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE, WHICH ARE LICENSED UNDER THE GNU LESSER PUBLIC LICENSE (LGPL) OR THE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL), PERMITTING THE MANUFACTURE OF ARDUINO BOARDS AND SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION BY ANYONE. ARDUINO BOARDS ARE AVAILABLE COMMERCIALLY IN PREASSEMBLED FORM, OR AS DO-IT-YOURSELF KITS.

HOW THE ARDUINO WORKS ?

                     ARDUINO BOARD DESIGNS USE A VARIETY OF MICROPROCESSORS AND CONTROLLERS. THE BOARDS ARE EQUIPPED WITH SETS OF DIGITAL AND ANALOG INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O) PINS THAT MAY BE INTERFACED TO VARIOUS EXPANSION BOARDS (SHIELDS) AND OTHER CIRCUITS. THE BOARDS FEATURE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACES, INCLUDING UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (USB) ON SOME MODELS, WHICH ARE ALSO USED FOR LOADING PROGRAMS FROM PERSONAL COMPUTERS. THE MICROCONTROLLERS ARE TYPICALLY PROGRAMMED USING A DIALECT OF FEATURES FROM THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES C AND C++. IN ADDITION TO USING TRADITIONAL COMPILER TOOLCHAINS, THE ARDUINO PROJECT PROVIDES AN INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT (IDE) BASED ON THE PROCESSING LANGUAGE PROJECT.

HOW THE IDEA OF ARDUINO STARTED ?

                      THE ARDUINO PROJECT STARTED IN 2003 AS A PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS AT THE INTERACTION DESIGN INSTITUTE IVREA IN IVREA, ITALY, AIMING TO PROVIDE A LOW-COST AND EASY WAY FOR NOVICES AND PROFESSIONALS TO CREATE DEVICES THAT INTERACT WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT USING SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. COMMON EXAMPLES OF SUCH DEVICES INTENDED FOR BEGINNER HOBBYISTS INCLUDE SIMPLE ROBOTS, THERMOSTATS, AND MOTION DETECTORS.

FROM WHERE THE NAME ARDUINO CAME ?

               

                      THE NAME ARDUINO COMES FROM A BAR IN IVREA, ITALY, WHERE SOME OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE PROJECT USED TO MEET. THE BAR WAS NAMED AFTER ARDUIN OF IVREA, WHO WAS THE MARGRAVE OF THE MARCH OF IVREA AND KING OF ITALY FROM 1002 TO 1014.

WHAT IS THE SOFTWARE USED IN ARDUINO ?

THE SOFTWARE USED TO DEVELOP ARDUINO IS ARDUINO IDE. THE LATEST VERSION OF ARDUINO IS ARDUINO 1.8.3http://gg-l.xyz/xNCb8P

TO DOWNLOAD THE SOFTWARE CLICK ON DOWNLOAD

ARDUINO PROGRAMMING , HISTORY OF ARDUINO

HISTORY OF ARDUINO

prahlad

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER AND AVR

PARAMETERS	8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER	AVR
RAM	128 bytes	1 kilobyte
ROM	4 kilobytes	32 kilobytes
FREQUENCY	12 MHz	16 MHz
OSCILLATOR USED	CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR	CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
EEPROME	NO EEPROME	EEPROME - 256 bytes
BUS WIDTH	8-bit for standard core	8/32-bit
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS	UART, USART,SPI,I2C	UART, USART, SPI, I2C, (special purpose AVR support CAN, USB, Ethernet)
SPEED	12 Clock/instruction cycle	1 clock/  instruction cycle
MEMORY	ROM, SRAM, FLASH	Flash, SRAM, EEPROM
ISA	CLSC	RISC
MEMORY ARCHITECTURE	Von Neumann architecture	Modified
POWER CONSUMPTION	Average	Low
FAMILIES	8051 variants	Tiny, Atmega, Xmega, special purpose AVR
COMMUNITY	Vast	Very Good
MANUFACTURER	NXP, Atmel, Silicon Labs, Dallas, Cyprus, Infineon, etc.	Atmel
COST (as compared to features provided)	Very Low	Average
OTHER FEATURES	Known for its Standard	Cheap, effective
POPULAR MICRO-CONTROLLERS	AT89C51, P89v51, etc	Atmega8, 16, 32, Arduino Community
ADC	NO ADC	ADC - 6

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ARDUINO PROGRAMMING , DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 8051 & AVR

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 8051 MICRO-CONTROLLER AND AVR

prahlad